23 Winter season vegetables grown in India

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Introduction to winter vegetables in India

Many seasonal vegetables grow in India. Based on the season of availability, all the vegetables (seasonal vegetables in India) can be classified on the basis on the season they are grown and harvested. Winter vegetables in India are classified as vegetables that can tolerate cold temperatures or frost. Hardy vegetable crops are those that can withstand frost. Vegetable crops that grow in winter, cool seasons, and temperate climates can withstand a monthly average temperature of 15-18°C.

With the advancement of farming techniques, growing use of polyhouses and cold storage practices, the dependence of growing seasonal vegetables on the season has reduced. This has indeed enabled the availability of most of the seasonal vegetables all round the year. However, this article will list out the vegetables which can be grown in winter season in India without artificial climate control using poly house.

Sub-classification of winter vegetables

In addition, winter season vegetables in India can be divided into two subgroups;

1. Hardy vegetables or tolerant vegetables : Broccoli, cabbage, asparagus, parsley, spinach, leek, pea, collard, garlic, chive, radish, rhubarb, kale, onion, turnip, Brussels sprouts, kohlrabi.
   
2. Semi-hardy or semi-tolerant vegetables : Chinese cabbage, globe artichoke, parsnip, cauliflower, carrot, potato, celery, leaf beet, lettuce, bitter Gourd, bottle gourd, capsicum/bell pepper.

Asparagus and rhubarb are hardy crops that can withstand even freezing temperatures. Crops that do not survive frost, or are not hardy, such as carrot or celery, do best in high temperatures (20-27°C). 

Winter vegetable season chart in India

The following vegetable chart lists out the details of winter season vegetables in India such as name, sowing months, time for the first harvest and Indian states involved in major production of the winter vegetable.

Winter vegetable growing season chart India

Broccoli

Botanical name / Scientific name of Broccoli : Brassica oleracea var. italica

Months of growing and harvest for Broccoli : September-November

Harvest time in days of Broccoli (Days to maturity) : 50 – 65

Indian states where Broccoli is grown : West Bengal, Bihar, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Gujarat and Jharkhand

Cabbage

Botanical name / Scientific name of Cabbage : Brassica oleracea var. capitata

Months of growing and harvest for Cabbage : Sept-Oct (North India) or Oct-Nov (South India)

Harvest time in days of Cabbage (Days to maturity) : 60 – 90

Indian states where Cabbage is grown : Uttar Pradesh, Orissa, Bihar, Assam, West Bengal, Maharashtra and Karnataka

Asparagus

Botanical name / Scientific name of Asparagus : Asparagus officinalis

Months of growing and harvest for Asparagus : November–December

Harvest time in days of Asparagus (Days to maturity) : 2 – 3 years

Indian states where Asparagus is grown : Himachal Pradesh

Spinach

Botanical name / Scientific name of Spinach : Spinacia oleracea

Months of growing and harvest for Spinach : September – October (For winter season. But mostly its grown all round the year)

Harvest time in days of Spinach (Days to maturity) : 45 – 60

Indian states where Spinach is grown : Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, West Bengal and Gujarat

Peas

Botanical name / Scientific name of Peas : Pisum sativum

Months of growing and harvest for Peas : September – January

Harvest time in days of Peas (Days to maturity) : 75 

Indian states where Peas is grown : Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Maharashtra

Collard

Botanical name / Scientific name of Collard : Brassica oleracea var. viridis

Months of growing and harvest for Collard : October – January

Harvest time in days of Collard (Days to maturity) : 60 – 85

Indian states where Collard is grown : Kashmir

Garlic

Botanical name / Scientific name of Garlic : Allium sativum

Months of growing and harvest for Garlic : September – November (North India) or August – November (central and south India) or October – November (western India i.e. Gujarat)

Harvest time in days of Garlic (Days to maturity) : 90

Indian states where Garlic is grown : Rajasthan, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Bihar, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana and Andhra Pradesh

Radish

Botanical name / Scientific name of Radish : Raphanus sativus

Months of growing and harvest for Radish : August -January

Harvest time in days of Radish (Days to maturity) : 22 – 70

Indian states where Radish is grown : West Bengal, Haryana, Punjab, Bihar, Chattisgarh, Assam, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Orissa, Tamil Nadu

Rhubarb

Botanical name / Scientific name of Rhubarb : Rheum rhabarbarum

Months of growing and harvest for Rhubarb : September – October

Harvest time in days of Rhubarb (Days to maturity) : 90

Indian states where Rhubarb is grown : Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh

Kale

Botanical name / Scientific name of Kale : Brassica oleracea var. sabellica

Months of growing and harvest for Kale : October-November

Harvest time in days of Kale (Days to maturity) : 70 – 95

Indian states where Kale is grown : Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, and Niligiri hills

Onion

Botanical name / Scientific name of Onion : Allium cepa

Months of growing and harvest for Onion : November – January

Harvest time in days of Onion (Days to maturity) : 90 – 100

Indian states where Onion is grown : Maharashtra, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana and Telangana

Turnip

Botanical name / Scientific name of Turnip : Brassica rapa subsp. rapa

Months of growing and harvest for Turnip : October – December

Harvest time in days of Turnip (Days to maturity) : 45 – 70

Indian states where Turnip is grown : Bihar, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab and Tamil Nadu

Brussels Sprouts

Botanical name / Scientific name of Brussels Sprouts : Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera

Months of growing and harvest for Brussels Sprouts : August – October

Harvest time in days of Sprouts (Days to maturity) : 80 – 100

Indian states where Brussels Sprouts is grown : Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Nilgiri of Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra

Cauliflower

Botanical name / Scientific name of Cauliflower : Brassica oleracea var. botrytis

Months of growing and harvest for Cauliflower : October – January

Harvest time in days of Cauliflower (Days to maturity) : 55 – 80

Indian states where Cauliflower is grown : West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana, Orissa, Gujarat, Chattisgarh, Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab

Carrot

Botanical name / Scientific name of Carrot : Daucus carota subsp. sativus

Months of growing and harvest for Carrot : August – March

Harvest time in days of Carrot (Days to maturity) : 60 – 80

Indian states where Carrot is grown : Haryana ,Punjab ,Uttar Pradesh ,Bihar ,Madhya Pradesh ,Tamil Nadu ,Karnataka ,Assam ,Telangana ,Jammu & Kashmir

Potato

Botanical name / Scientific name of Potato : Solanum tuberosum

Months of growing and harvest for Potato : October -December

Harvest time in days of Potato (Days to maturity) : 90 – 120

Indian states where Potato is grown : Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West bengal, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Assam

Celery

Botanical name / Scientific name of Celery : Apium graveolens

Months of growing and harvest for Celery : January – April

Harvest time in days of Celery (Days to maturity) : 85 – 120

Indian states where Celery is grown : Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh

Beet root

Botanical name / Scientific name of Beet root : Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris Conditiva Group

Months of growing and harvest for Beet root : August – December

Harvest time in days of Beet root (Days to maturity) : 50 – 70

Indian states where Beet root is grown : Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, West Bengal and Maharashtra

Lettuce

Botanical name / Scientific name of Lettuce : Lactuca sativa

Months of growing and harvest for Lettuce : September – October

Harvest time in days of Lettuce (Days to maturity) : 45 – 60

Indian states where Lettuce is grown : Tamilnadu, Karnataka

Bitter gourd / Bitter melon

Botanical name / Scientific name of Bitter gourd : Momordica charantia

Months of growing and harvest for Bitter gourd : November -February

Harvest time in days of Bitter gourd (Days to maturity) : 55 – 60

Indian states where Bitter gourd is grown : Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Odisha, Assam Uttar Pradesh, Bihar

Bottle gourd

Botanical name / Scientific name of Bottle gourd : Lagenaria siceraria

Months of growing and harvest for Bottle gourd : November -February

Harvest time in days of Bottle gourd (Days to maturity) : 55 – 75

Indian states where Bottle gourd is grown : Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Orissa, Punjab, Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana

Capsicum / Bell pepper

Botanical name / Scientific name of Capsicum / Bell pepper : Capsicum annuum

Months of growing and harvest for Capsicum / Bell pepper : October – January

Harvest time in days of Capsicum / Bell pepper (Days to maturity) : 55 – 60 (green capsicum) 70 – 75 (yellow capsicum) 80 – 90 (Red capsicum)

Indian states where Capsicum / Bell pepper is grown : Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, Jammu & Kashmir, Orissa